A simple and convenient way to interface 2 relays for switching application in your project. This relay driver boosts the input impedance with a regular BC547 NPN transistor (or equivalent). Very ...

Relays usually are driven using optocouplers, which offer isolation between analog and digital grounds to ensure that switching currents in the relay coils do not affect the noise margin of the ...

Fig. 1: Add this relay to prevent shorted transistors in the MW-1. Usually after a transmitter is discontinued, any hope of upgrades or improvements fades. Some enterprising engineers can’t help but ...

The flip-flop, in whichever of its several forms you encounter it, is a staple of logic design. Any time that you need to ...

Relays continue to be useful and popular, but in low-power, battery operated applications they tend to be power wasters. The following relay economy circuits reduce coil power significantly by simply ...

An RC circuit in series with the coil allows full-current turn-on for reliable relay operation, then reduces the current to save power. Fellow engineer Sanjay R. Chendvankar of Mumbai, India, recently ...

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As with many inventions, two people had the idea for an integrated circuit at almost the same time. Transistors had become commonplace in everything from radios to phones to computers, and now ...

Let’s say you want to blink an LED. You might grab an Arduino and run the Blink sketch, or you might lace up a few components ...

Explains the principles of transistor switching circuits, highlighting their role in electronic computers. It contrasts transistors with vacuum tubes, emphasizing that transistors function as ...