The following is Part 1 of a four-part series. The basic one-op-amp differential amplifier consists of one op-amp and four resistors. Yet few have contemplated the depth of its complexity. It is ...

The ordinary modern IC op amp is fully applicable to most standard amplifier configurations. Error sources are small and may be of no concern, or one can easily ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

Differential amplifier circuits, such as the one illustrated in Figure 1, are required in analogue technology for a wide variety of applications. One example is measurement technology in which, ...

Minimizing the noise effects of electric and magnetic fields on op-amp circuits does not require a magician. A step-by-step procedure can tame such interference. Once you understand the basis of noise ...

The source that drives high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) sees a high-frequency ac load and a dc load of a few hundred ohms or more. Thus, a high-performance op amp with high input ...

Many industrial and medical applications use instrumentation amplifiers (INA) to condition small signals in the presence of large common-mode voltages and DC potentials. The three op amp INA ...