Code P0325 is a generic OBD 2 fault code for a knock sensor malfunction on cylinder bank one. Several problems can cause the ...

Abstract: This paper will show the procedures for the intelligent assessment of the state of the electric motors in order to identity a set of defects. Procedures involve the use of speech processing ...

Abstract: In highly automated electric vehicles, the reliability of electrical powertrain system is very important. A critical failure in the powertrain system, e.g. electric machine, would lead to ...