Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more ...

A LARGE part of statistical theory is based on the assumption that measurements are distributed in normal probability curves and that the variance is constant. The normal curve was discovered by de ...

In February 2024, a shipwreck off Tobago caused a significant surface oil spill, highlighting the need for accurate modeling ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

This interesting study adapts machine learning tools to analyze movements of a chromatin locus in living cells in response to serum starvation. The machine learning approach developed is useful, the ...

Decision-making inherently involves cause–effect relationships that introduce causal challenges. We argue that reliable algorithms for decision-making need to build upon causal reasoning. Addressing ...

Forest bathing emerged in Japan in the 1980s as a physiological and psychological exercise called shinrin-yoku, meaning “forest bathing” or “taking in the forest atmosphere.” Now this type of walking ...

Abstract: For on-policy reinforcement learning (RL), discretizing action space for continuous control can easily express multiple modes and is straightforward to optimize. However, without considering ...

Abstract: As the installed capacity of battery energy storage stations (BESS) continues to grow and the trend toward larger-capacity becomes more prevalent, its impact on existing relaying protection ...

Nottingham city centre is the cultural, commercial, financial and historical heart of Nottingham. The centre of the city is usually defined as the Old Market Square – the UK's largest city square.